William J. Bernstein is a principal of Efficient Frontier Advisors, LLC.

Elroy Dimson is chair of the Centre for Endowment Asset Management at Cambridge Judge Business School. His research focus is long-horizon investing and responsible investing, and his publications are on active ownership; investment management; endowment strategy; environmental, social, and governance investing; and financial market history. Professor Dimson’s books include Triumph of the Optimists, Global Investment Returns Yearbook 2020, Financial Market History, and Endowment Asset Management. His recent articles are on art investment, active ownership, real assets, financial history, endowment strategy, factor investing, fossil-fuel divestment, and asset management. Professor Dimson is chair of the advisory and policy boards of FTSE Russell and serves on the Supervisory Council of the Geneva Finance Research Institute, the Review Board of CFA Institute Research Foundation, and the Investment Committee of Gonville & Caius College, University of Cambridge. Previously, he served as chair of the Strategy Council of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global and as a professor and governor at London Business School. Professor Dimson is a fellow or honorary fellow of CFA UK, the Institute of Actuaries, the Royal Historical Society, the Risk Institute at Ohio State University, and Gonville & Caius College. He is emeritus professor of finance at London Business School, where he earned his PhD.

William N. Goetzmann is the Edwin J. Beinecke Professor of Finance and Management Studies and director of the International Center for Finance at the Yale School of Management. He teaches portfolio management, alternative investments, real estate, and financial history and is an expert on a diverse range of investments. Professor Goetzmann’s past work includes studies of stock market predictability, hedge funds, and survival biases in performance measurement. His current research focuses on alternative investing, factor investing, behavioral finance, and the art market. Professor Goetzmann has written and co-authored a number of books, including Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis; The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations That Created Modern Capital Markets; The Great Mirror of Folly: Finance, Culture, and the Crash of 1720; and most recently, Money Changes Everything: How Finance Made Civilization Possible.

Paul D. Kaplan, CFA, is director of research for Morningstar Canada and is a senior member of Morningstar’s global research team. He led the development of many of the quantitative methodologies behind Morningstar’s fund analysis, indexes, adviser tools, and other services. Kaplan conducts research on asset allocation, retirement income planning, portfolio construction, index methodologies, and other investment topics. Many of his research papers have been published in professional books and publications, such as the Financial Analysts Journal and the Journal of Portfolio Management, and he has served on the editorial board of the Financial Analysts Journal. Kaplan has received a Graham & Dodd Top Award and a Graham & Dodd Award of Excellence. Many of his works appear in his book Frontiers of Modern Asset Allocation. Previously, he has served as quantitative research director for Morningstar Europe in London, director of quantitative research in the United States, and chief investment officer of Morningstar Associates, LLC, where he developed and managed the investment methodology for Morningstar’s retirement planning and advice services. Previously, Kaplan was a vice president of Ibbotson Associates and served as the firm’s chief economist and director of research. Prior to that, he served on the economics faculty of Northwestern University, where he taught international finance and statistics. Kaplan holds a bachelor’s degree in mathematics, economics, and computer science from New York University and a master’s degree and doctorate in economics from Northwestern University.

Robert E. Kiernan III is chief executive officer of Advanced Portfolio Management LLC. Previously, he held management positions at Salomon Brothers and Lehman Brothers, where he was also a member of multiple investment, commitment, and operating committees. Mr. Kiernan is a member of the Research Review Board of the Research Foundation of CFA Institute. He holds AB and AM degrees from Boston College, as well as an MBA from the University of Chicago.

Andrew W. Lo is Charles E. and Susan T. Harris Professor of Finance at the MIT Sloan School of Management and the director of MIT’s Laboratory for Financial Engineering. He focuses his research on the fundamental aspects of investments and financial markets, including the measurement of illiquidity risk in hedge fund returns, the growth of systemic risk in the hedge fund industry, and most recently, evolutionary and neurobiological models of individual risk preferences and financial markets. Before joining MIT’s finance faculty, Mr. Lo taught at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School. He has published numerous articles and books on finance and economics. Mr. Lo received his PhD in economics from Harvard University.

Stephen C. Sexauer is CIO, San Diego County Employees Retirement Association.